Floods Clip Art Empire Clip Art Black and White
| Appointment | Nighttime of fifteen and 16 August 1952 |
|---|---|
| Location | Lynmouth, Simonsbath, Filleigh, Middleham (never rebuilt), Devon |
| Deaths | 34 |
| Belongings damage | Substantial |
The Lynmouth Inundation occurred on the night of the fifteen–16 August 1952, principally affecting the village of Lynmouth, in due north Devon. A storm with heavy rainfall, combined with already saturated soil and alluvion debris, led to the flooding of the hamlet and a total loss of 34 lives.
Groundwork [edit]
On the 15th and 16th of Baronial 1952, a storm of tropical intensity broke over southward-due west England, depositing 229 millimetres (nine.0 in) of rain inside 24 hours on the already saturated soil of Exmoor, Devon. It is idea that a cold front end scooped upward a thunderstorm, and the orographic result worsened the storm. Debris-laden floodwaters cascaded downwards the northern escarpment of the moor, converging upon the village of Lynmouth; in particular, in the upper West Lyn valley, fallen copse and other droppings formed a dam, which in due class gave way, sending a huge wave of water and debris down the river. A guest at the Lyndale Hotel described the night to the Sunday Limited:
From seven o'clock terminal nighttime the waters rose rapidly and at ix o'clock it was merely similar an avalanche coming through our hotel, bringing down boulders from the hills and breaking downward walls, doors and windows. Within one-half an hour the guests had evacuated the ground floor. In another x minutes the second floor was covered, and so nosotros made for the top flooring where nosotros spent the night.[1]
The River Lyn through the town had been culverted to gain state for business organization premises; this canal soon choked with flood debris, and the river flowed through the town. Much of the debris was boulders and trees.[ commendation needed ]
The Inundation Memorial Hall has been built on the site of the one-time lifeboat station, one of the buildings destroyed in the flood.
Overnight, more than 100 buildings were destroyed or seriously damaged along with 28 of the 31 bridges, and 38 cars were washed out to body of water. In total, 34 people died, with a further 420 made homeless. The seawall and Rhenish Belfry survived the master flood, just were seriously undermined. The tower complanate into the river the next day, causing a temporary flood.[ commendation needed ]
At the same time, the River Bray at Filleigh also flooded, costing the lives of 3 Scouts from Manchester who had been camping ground aslope the river overnight.[2]
Cause [edit]
Middleham memorial gardens
The root cause of the flood was heavy rainfall associated with a low-pressure area that had formed over the Atlantic Ocean some days earlier.[3] As the low passed the British Isles, information technology manifested as a weather front which caused exceptionally heavy rainfall, the event of which was intensified because the rain brutal on already waterlogged state; the effect was further exacerbated over Exmoor by an orographic issue.[three] The lack of satellite data in 1952 meant the weather could not exist forecast as reliably equally information technology tin exist today.[iii]
Similar floods had been recorded at Lynmouth in 1607 and 1796. Afterwards the 1952 disaster, Lynmouth village was rebuilt, including diverting the river around the village. The small group of houses on the bank of the East Lyn river called Middleham betwixt Lynmouth and Watersmeet was destroyed and never rebuilt. Today, there stands a memorial garden.[4]
On 16 Baronial 2004, a similar outcome happened in Cornwall, when flash floods caused extensive harm to Boscastle, but without loss of life. The hydrological setting of these two villages is very similar.[5]
Conspiracy theory [edit]
A conspiracy theory has spread that the flood was caused by clandestine cloud seeding experiments carried out by the Royal Air Force (RAF) between 1949 and 1952.[6] [vii] [8]
The theory was fuelled by a 2001 BBC Radio 4 documentary, which suggested that the events of 1952 were connected to Project Cumulus. The plan alleged that "the infamous Lynmouth alluvion disaster came only days after RAF rain-making experiments over southern England", and that surreptitious experiments were causing heavy rainfall.[6] According to the plan, "classified documents on the trials that Project Cumulus contributed to the weather condition that caused this flood have gone missing".[6] A few days before the disaster a seeding experiment was carried out over southern England. Alan Yates, an aeronautical engineer and glider pilot who was working with the functioning, sprayed table salt in the air and was "elated" to larn of a heavy rainfall in Staines shortly later on.[9]
"Survivors tell how the air smelled of sulphur on the afternoon of the floods, and the pelting vicious so hard it injure people's faces."[half dozen]
Meteorologist Philip Eden has said the experiments could non accept caused the accident: "information technology is preposterous to blame the Lynmouth flood on such experiments".[10] Eden also said "The tempest which caused the 1952 disaster was not confined to the Lynmouth commune."[ten] while in reality "The East and West Lyn rivers, which drop rapidly downwardly from Exmoor, were swollen even before the fatal tempest."[6]
References [edit]
- ^ "Lynmouth Inundation 1952".
- ^ "Filleigh Village Hall - Filleigh Memorial Stones-Lynmouth Flood".
- ^ a b c Mcginnigle, JB (2002). "The 1952 Lynmouth floods revisited". Weather. 57 (seven): 235–242. doi:x.1256/004316502760195894. (subscription required)
- ^ "Middleham Gardens". Visit Lynton and Lynmouth. Retrieved seven July 2016.
- ^ "Where is the next Boscastle?". BBC News. 7 October 2004. Retrieved 14 June 2008.
- ^ a b c d e "Rain-making link to killer floods". 30 August 2001. Retrieved 30 August 2001 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ Hilary Bradt; Janice Booth (11 May 2010). Dull Devon and Exmoor. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 249. ISBN978-1-84162-322-1.
- ^ "Weather Weapons to Attack Mankind". Greatest Conspiracy Theories (4/10). British Pathé. 21 August 1952. Retrieved fourteen Baronial 2016.
- ^ Vidal, John; Weinstein, Helen (30 August 2001). "RAF rainmakers 'caused 1952 flood'". The Guardian . Retrieved 22 January 2018.
- ^ a b Eden, Philip. ""The day they made it rain" Lynmouth Alluvion human being-made?". WeatherOnline . Retrieved 22 January 2018.
Further reading [edit]
- Delderfield, E. R. (1953) The Lynmouth flood disaster. J. Atkins and J. Letheren, Exton.
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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynmouth_Flood
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